Tropic of Cancer - Overview and Geography

The Tropic of Cancer is a line of latitude circling the Earth at approximately 23.5Â ° north of the equator. It is the northernmost point on Earth where the suns rays can appear directly overhead at local noon. It is also one of the five major degree measures or circles of latitude dividing the Earth (the others are the Tropic of Capricorn, the equator, the Arctic Circle and the Antarctic Circle). The Tropic of Cancer is significant to Earths geography because, in addition to being the northernmost point where the suns rays are directly overhead, it also marks the northern boundary of tropics, which is the region that extends from the equator north to the Tropic of Cancer and south to the Tropic of Capricorn. Some of the Earths largest countries and/or cities are at or near the Tropic of Cancer. For example, the line passes through United States state of Hawaii, portions of Central America, northern Africa, and the Sahara Desert and is near Kolkata, India. It should also be noted that because of the greater amount of land in the Northern Hemisphere, the Tropic of Cancer passes through more cities than the equivalent Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere. Naming of the Tropic of Cancer At the June or summer solstice (around June 21) when the Tropic of Cancer was named, the sun was pointed in the direction of the constellation Cancer, thus giving the new line of latitude the name the Tropic of Cancer. However, because this name was assigned over 2,000 years ago, the sun is no longer in the constellation Cancer. It is instead located in the constellation Taurus today. For most references though, it is easiest to understand the Tropic of Cancer with its latitudinal location of 23.5Â °N. Significance of the Tropic of Cancer In addition to being used to divide the Earth into different parts for navigation and marking the northern boundary of the tropics, the Tropic of Cancer is also significant to the Earths amount of solar insolation and the creation of seasons. Solar insolation is the amount of incoming solar radiation on the Earth. It varies over the Earths surface based on the amount of direct sunlight hitting the equator and tropics and spreads north or south from there. Solar insolation is most at the subsolar point (the point on Earth that is directly beneath the Sun and where the rays hit at 90 degrees to the surface) which migrates annually between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn because of the Earths axial tilt. When the subsolar point is at the Tropic of Cancer, it is during the June solstice and this is when the northern hemisphere receives the most solar insolation. During the June solstice, because the amount of solar insolation is greatest at the Tropic of Cancer, the areas north of the tropic in the northern hemisphere also receive the most solar energy which keeps it warmest and creates summer. In addition, this is also when the areas at latitudes higher than the Arctic Circle receive 24 hours of daylight and no darkness. By contrast, the Antarctic Circle receives 24 hours of darkness and lower latitudes have their winter season because of low solar insolation, less solar energy and lower temperatures. Click here to see a simple map showing the location of the Tropic of Cancer. Reference Wikipedia. (13 June 2010). Tropic of Cancer - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer

Epa s Clean Power Plan - 1717 Words

Memorandum From Harshit Jayaswal Date October 07, 2015 Subject Briefings on EPA’s Clean Power Plan: How state emission budgets were established, and legal (reasonableness and fairness) issues. This memo is my interpretation on the readings of EPA’s clean power plan specific to how state budgets where established and legal issues emphasizing the fairness and reasonableness towards the states. 1.0 Overview The clean power plan was adopted by the EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) on August 03, 2015 to regulate carbon emissions from existing power plants. Under the Supreme Court decision in Massachusetts v. EPA , greenhouse gases meet the definition of air pollutants under the Clean Air Act, implying they need to be controlled, if†¦show more content†¦It is determined to reduce carbon emissions from the power sector 32 % of 2005 levels by 2030. The primary objective of the clean power plan is to establish unique emission rate goals and mass equivalents for each individual state to reach this target. 2.0 How state emission budgets where established The clean Air Act under the section 111(d) creates a partnership between EPA, states, tribes and U.S. territories with EPA setting a goal and states and tribes choosing how they will meet it. EPA is defining interim and final CO2 emission performance rates for two subcategories of fossil fuel-fired electric generating units (EGU’s): 1. 1,305 lbs/MWh for existing fossil fuel-fired electric steam generating units (generally, coal fired power plants) 2. 771 lbs/MWh for existing natural gas combined cycle units EPA has also established statewide interim and final goals in 2 forms to give a wide range of choices for states in implementing these standards like: 1. A rate-based state goal measured in pounds per megawatt hour (lb/MWh); 2. A mass-based state goal measured in total short tons of CO2 States then have to develop and implement plans for power plants in their state either individually, in group or by applying other measures to meet with the interim reduction goals in between 2022-2029 and final goal by 2030. 2.1 BSER: Best system of emissions reduction The basis for the emissions reductions in the EPA’s proposed rule is a review of the

Occupational Health Safety in Organization

Question: Describe about the occupational health safety in organization. Answer: Introduction The wellbeing of the workers is highly important in the workplace to ensure a healthy working environment. It is the duty of the management to prevent the health related issues, control various risks and ensuring that the employees adapt to their work. It also refers to the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of the physical, mental and the social well-being of the persons in various occupations. It is essential to ensure that the persons have the pleasant working places to ensure that they increase their productivity in different organizations. The occupational health services are significant in various enterprises as they aid in advising the workers, the individuals offering jobs and other representatives on particular issues. They include the implementation and maintenance of a safe favorable environment that does not interfere with the physical and mental status of the persons. In addition to that, the employees should be assigned the duties according to their capabil ities. The workers have their particular expertises that are beneficial to the organization. The departments in the company can be run by persons who have pursued different careers. The discussion outlines about the occupation health and safety. Health On the other hand, it is challenging to make several changes concerning health in an institution and many professionals face the challenge. The changes that are required include the alteration of the persons and institution existing systems, beliefs and other traditions. The problems that affect a certain enterprise and contribute to the health issues and various illnesses should be analyzed. The risks that are associated with several hazards should be put into consideration and later on evaluated. The management should come up with a strategy to ensure the improvement of the health of the employees and the organization needs should be implemented. The program developed should be monitored from time to time so as to see the response from the people. the administration of particular institution should take their time in scrutinizing the issues affecting the organization concerning health. The strategies are highly critical in the implementation of the occupational health and safety ma nagement. The process takes place slowly, but it is highly beneficial to the employees and the whole organization. Before the program begins all the issues that are important should be put into consideration (Acutt Hattingh, 2003). Workplace Details The team deals with the creation and development of the applications that are used on the mobile phones and computers. It is an information technology company and also offers the technology related issues. On the other hand, it also creates websites that are used by various individuals to market their goods and services to the public. The offices and other government organizations use them to advertise the job vacancies to the public. The institution is famous to the people due to its quality services that are delivered to them. It has been widely accepted in the market by the people, and it has kept its promise to provide the quality services to its customers. The organization occupies a large environment and it is equipped with the facilities required so as to carry out the activities required. It has many computers and servers that help host the websites it creates for the customers. Moreover, it has over two hundred workers who undertake various tasks and help the organization to meet its goals and objectives. The company has eighty females, and the other one hundred and twenty are males. The individuals are aged from twenty-three years and above and highly commit themselves to their tasks. They are also experienced in the technology issues as they engage with them every day as they work (Bohle Quinlan, 2000). The management ensures the new employees are given orientation on how the system works and given supervisors so as to catch up faster. Most of the individuals have spent over twenty years while working at the institution. Their services are highly valued by the organization as they have helped increase the productivity. The inputs of the workers are highly appreciated and are motivated by the management to continue working. The persons that meet the set targets are often remunerated by the managers for their good work. It also motivates the other workers to keep working and improve their objectives. The employees are from time to time exposed to the health hazards. The management of the organization ensures that there is a good flow of communication to enable the workers to address their grievances. Through this, the working environment becomes favorable to work in as one knows they are valued. The employees in the institution have various talents, and the management utilizes their k nowledge and ideas to improve the company and standout in the market. The creation of new products that meet the customer needs is vital to ensure they opt for the company as they make their purchases. The workers are treated equally by the management, and no one is oppressed at any time. The salaries of the employees are paid at the exact as scheduled or if there are delays the finance department communicates (Barnett-Schuster, 2008). The workers are often faced with various health hazards as they perform their tasks from time to time. The employees are encouraged to interact with their colleagues so to get clarifications on the areas that they do not understand. Moreover, it ensures that they live as a family and help each other in various situations. The supervisors also take their time to assist the workers in the areas that they need help and also airing their grievances to the management. The workplace is made favorable to ensure that the individuals perform their tasks diligently and with minimum supervision. It enables to meet the client demands in time and provision of the quality services to the customers. The workers are encouraged to maintain a good company image to the public. It ensures that the organization gets more customers for their services. It also improves the appreciation of the products and services to the people from various locations (British Standards Institution, 2004). Occupational Health Hazard The employees in the organization often face the mental stress and eye defects hazard as they undertake their activities. The individuals risk facing eye problems and several headaches from time to time. The risks are a result of the duties that the individuals engage in from day to day. The eye problem is caused by a long period stay on the computers while working and firmly staring at them. The brightness of the computers causes the people to have the eyesight issues when not regulated. The work practices involve the usage of the computers to create the applications, websites, and hosting of the sites. The employees use them to carry out their duties and during the working hours. The computers are sometimes addictive to use, and many people spend their time on them even when it is time for breaks. The continued stay on the computer while working may cause the mental stress or eye defects if the brightness is not controlled. The mental stress is often caused by carrying out the prog ramming of the websites as one has to think of how to implement various features. On the other hand, the computers and the servers emit radiation that is harmful to the health of an individual if not well controlled. The exposure to the radiation should be minimized to ensure the environment is safe for working (Hopkins, 2000). The management of the organization assured that so as to counter the risks the employees had to be taught on how to handle the machines. To minimize the eye problems, the brightness of the computers had to be reduced. The workers were outlined on the effects of high intensity and the way to minimize it on the computers. The individuals who had suffered the eye problems were treated and given the eye protection gadgets to help them regularly work on the computer. On the other hand, the managers introduced breaks during the working hours to ensure that the people refresh before returning to work. The initiative allows the body to regain its energy to enable the individual to perform the task diligently. Moreover, the air conditioning systems were installed to allow the environment remains fresh and free from radiation. The persons suffering from the mental stress due to work related issues were advised to take a break or seek assistance from their colleagues. The coding of the sites an d applications requires a lot of effort, knowledge and commitment to ensure they have all the features needed. It is sometimes challenging and hence one gets the mental stress and headaches (Hughes et al, 2009). The legal requirements require that an information technology company should have a good working environment. The safety measures should also be put into consideration to help protect the lives of the people in times of disasters. The computers and the servers should also be kept in a calm environment so as to enhance their performance. The air conditioning system should be installed to help regulate the temperatures in the workplaces. Moreover, the seats in the workstations should also be comfortable to enable the people to perform the duties appropriately. The management of the institution has ensured the elimination of the health hazards by offering to train on how to handle the machines and oneself in the organization. It also provided the repair and maintenance of the computers from time to time so that they can work efficiently. It enables the machines to become efficient and perform the required tasks well. The workers are also allowed to report any matter concerning their hea lth that is caused by the usage of the computers. The managers recommend the treatment of the individual and change of the duties until one recover (Kelloway Francis, 2011). Occupational Health Program The health promotion program is essential and enables the individuals to take control over them and improve their health. The primary aim of the program is for the people to change their lifestyle so as to gain optimal health. It is important to the individuals as it balances the physical, social, intellectual, emotional and the spiritual health rapidly. It is highly emphasized at the workplaces to make sure that the workers perform their tasks as required and with minimum supervision. It aims at preventing the illnesses, injuries and other preventable diseases. To ensure the success the employers, employees, community and other individuals put their effort and provide cooperation to achieve a set objective. The desired achievements can be met by improving the enterprise and the working environment by making it favorable to the employees. The initiative ensures the health risks are minimized, and the persons live a comfortable life and hence improving their productivity. The company will enhance their output as the workers will have the good health to perform the duties assigned (Saad, 2015). The management of the institution should make sure that the employees participate in the health programs actively. Through this, the individuals personal health will be encouraged in their residential environment. The program ensures that the people can take care of themselves with less supervision from any senior officials. The workers should be given the priority as they ensure the organization meets its set goals and objectives. The managers should make sure that they have no health complications to ensure the production and quality of the goods and services continues. There should be the free flow of communication to ensure that the stakeholders and the workers communicate without barriers. The management should budget for the program and also monitor the response of the individuals that take place in the health promotion program. They can also manage the related health risks, and one becomes realistic to unhealthy behaviors. The active managers to their workers often have an eff ective health promotion program. It is the duty of the people to ensure that they take care of their health so that they can continue with their regular duties as usual. The health disorders often cause laxity at work, and one is unable to undertake the assigned duties as required. Cleanliness should also be maintained at the workplaces to ensure that areas remain clean and safe (Vayrynen et al, 2015). The organization will monitor the conduct of the employees at work and also at their residential areas to ensure they adhere to the program. The desired outcomes include the improvement of the employee morale at the workplace. The individuals perform their tasks correctly and with energy as they are motivated by the officials in the organization. In addition to that, it ensures the productivity of the employees is increased and that of the enterprise. The health related cases are also minimized as the people utilize the knowledge gained from the program effectively. On the other hand, the cases of absenteeism are reduced as the individuals are healthy and energetic to work. The body gains immunity due to the health program and the individuals rarely get sick as they utilize the knowledge learned. Moreover, there are minimal accidents in the company as the people handle everything with care as they have been taught. There is also high utilization of the scheduled working time as the p eople rarely develop the health complications. Lastly, there is less maintenance of the machines as the people handle them carefully to ensure they do not get injured. There is also less compensation for the injuries that one gets while working in the company as they are minimal due to the safety measures that have been taught. The managers should ensure that all the workers undertake the health program for their safety and that of the organization. The directors of the company should make sure that they include the security measures to protect the lives of the people in times of disasters (Westerholm et al, 2004) Conclusion In conclusion, the occupation health and safety is significant among the employees and the organization. The workplaces of the information technology companies require favorable environment for the workers to undertake their duties. The hazards that are faced from time to time include the eyesight problems and the mental distress. They are caused by the usage of the computers for an extended period without taking breaks. The individuals should refresh after several hours of working to enable the body to regain its energy. Moreover, the management should schedule the breaks during the working hours. The employees should also be taught on reducing the brightness on the computers and its effects. Many people often face the eye problems as their eyes are different. They should seek medical attention and also wear protective glasses to they typically work without being affected. The health programs should be introduced in the enterprises to ensure that the workers are advised on how to ta ke care of their health personally without being supervised. The program provides that the employees manage themselves the right way to enable them to perform their tasks. The cleanliness at the workplace should be maintained so as not cause other infectious diseases. Routine repair and maintenance of the machines that are used in the institution is supposed to be undertaken. The air conditioning systems should be installed to help regulate the temperatures at the workplace. The moderate temperatures allow one to perform the duties diligently as the environment is favorable. It is the mandate of the managers to handle all the organization issues. References Acutt, J., Hattingh, S. (2003).Occupational health: Management and practice for health practitioners. Lansdowne, South Africa: Juta. Alli, B. O., International Labour Office. (2008).Fundamental principles of occupational health and safety. Geneva: International Labour Office. Bohle, P., Quinlan, M. (2000).Managing occupational health and safety: A multidisciplinary approach. South Yarra, Vic: Macmillan. Barnett-Schuster, P. C. (2008).Fundamentals of international occupational health safety law. Aberdeen, Scotland: Aberdeen University Press Services. British Standards Institution. (2004).Occupational health and safety management systems. London: BSI Business Information. British Standards Institution. (2007).Occupational health and safety management systems-- requirements. London: British Standards Institution. Guzik, A. (2013).Essentials for occupational health nursing. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Guidelines on occupational safety and health management systems: ILO-OSH 2001. (2001). Geneva: ILO. Hopkins, A. (2000).Making safety work: Getting management commitment to occupational health and safety. St. Leonards, N.S.W: Allen Unwin. Hughes, P., Ferrett, E., National Examination Board in Occupational Safety and Health. (2009).Introduction to health and safety at work: The handbook for the NEBOSH National General Certificate. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann Houdmont, J., Leka, S., Sinclair, R. R. (2012).Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology: Global Perspectives on Research and Practice, Volume 2. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. International Labour Office., International Labour Conference. (2009).ILO standards on occupational safety and health: Promoting a safe and healthy working environment. Geneva: ILO. Kelloway, E. K., Francis, L. D. (2011).Management of occupational health and safety. Toronto: Nelson Education. Kelloway, E. K., Cooper, C. L. (2011).Occupational Health and Safety for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Oakley, K. (2008).Occupational health nursing. Chichester, England: John Wiley Sons. Saad, A. (2015).Occupational Safety and Health Management. USM, PULAU PINANG : PENERBIT USM, Safety Convention on Challenges of Occupational Safety and Health, Chaturvedi, P., Safety and Quality Forum., Quality Council of India., Safety Convention. (2006).Challenges of occupational safety and health: Thrust : safety in transportation. New Delhi: Published for Safety and Quality Forum, Quality Council of India by Concept Pub. Co. In Vayrynen, S., In Hakkinen, K., In Niskanen, T. (2015).Integrated occupational safety and health management: Solutions and industrial cases. Westerholm, P., Nilstun, T., vretveit, J. (2004).Practical ethics in occupational health. Abingdon: Radcliffe Medical.

Michael Jordan Essays (736 words) - , Term Papers

Michael Jordan Everyone has a hero. Every kid has a dream, and if you ask 10 kids what their dreams are and who their hero is, more than half of them would say Michael Jordan. He is a true role model not just for little kids, but for everyone around the world. I have read Michael Jordan's latest biography called For the Love of the Game, and it was the best autobiography or any book period about an athlete I have ever read. In the book Jordan describes what it is like being a true champion. He tells what it was like to go through the hard times, and the glory days as well. He is known as one if not the best, basketball players to ever walk the face of the earth. I like the part in the book where Jordan was telling how he got cut from the J.V. basketball team, and then he worked hard and now he is known as the greatest of all-time. He worked hard shooting in his driveway, in the cold, and at the play ground. Reading this book has made me realize that if you do hard, in the long run it will pay off. I have watched basketball games, and every time I watch Jordan, I watch in amazement. Now I know why and how he is such a great player. People look at sports and don't realize how much of the game is mental. Jordan not only is a great athlete and basketball player, but he is one if not the smartest player in the game too. He knows how to get in player's heads, and distract them for their game plan. One of the saddest parts in the book was when he was telling about how Jordan lost one of his best friends, best teacher, and biggest fans, his father. James Jordan. Michael and his father were very close. James Jordan was shot and killed by some punks, and didn't deserve to die. Michael and the whole family was devastated, and after Michael won the championship that same year his father died, he cried cause all that he went through ,and still won, and thought about his father. All the emotions just got to him. One of my favorite parts in the book was when Jordan tells bout what it is like to go out in public, and have everyone mob you and ask for autographs every where he goes. He doesn't mind giving autograph's but fans need to respect his privacy and give him some space too. It was also interesting to hear about when he played on the Olympic teams in ?84 and '92, and how fun it was to play with his friends and people who he has played against his whole career. In 1992 the U.S.A team dominated the world and even before they began to play games, he said that they had so much fun, everyone there was there to bring back a gold medal, but they had fun too. In the book it also talks about how Michael was fined $5,000 a game for every game he wore his own basketball shoes, when they first came out. Well Nike paid for the fines, and they thought I t was worth it because it was great advertisement, to have the best basketball player wearing your shoe, when everyone is doing what he does. Now Jordan makes about 20 million dollars in advertising and shoe deals, so now that he is retired, he is still making more than half the players in the league. People say athletes are paid way too much, but if we keep going to see them perform and like to see them perform, we keep giving them all that money. They are the ones that fill the stands day in and day out. So if they keep getting what they want, why should they stop getting all that money. People are happy when they go to games and when the team wins, so owners need to pay that money to keep the team winning, so people will go to games. Michael Jordan brings people to the games in Chicago, but everywhere he went people would fill the stands. The book was written before he was retired, but he kept dropping hints that he was over with his lustrous career. He was great to watch and I admire him a lot for all he has done for everyone, and after reading this book,

Learning evaluation free essay sample

Response Paper Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind In reading Chapter 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind, I started to realize how much more there is to our consciousness, and sleeping. IVe associated some of the readings on the Dual Processing mind, to my own personal experiences, answering a few questions I had always pondered but never bothered to find out. Consciousness, as the book stated, really can be a funny thing. As I delved into Chapter 3, my consciousness immediately began to drift away. I was telling myself in y head how l have to try to read as much of this chapter tonight, so I could focus on the writing the next day. Funny thing is I didnt actually notice what was happening until I read And then there are those times when consciousness seems to split. Reading Green Eggs and Ham to my preschooler for the umpteenth time, my obliging mouth could say the words while my mind wandered elsewhere. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning evaluation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, I also had to reread a chunk of the text because even though my eyes were reading, my mind didnt quite grasp any of what Id Just read while I was pondering about the eading and writing assignment. At first, I couldnt quite comprehend what the book was talking about when it mentioned The Two-Track Mind or spoke of Dual Processing. But suddenly I saw it from a different perspective and it Just clicked. Computers have different kinds of processors; dual-core processors boost the systems multitasking computing powers. So the same must be true for dual processing, allowing us to do more things at once. However, dual-core processing computers are able to efficiently handle intensive asks, where we are limited; according to this passage on The Two-Track Mind Serial conscious processing, though slower than parallel processing, is skilled at solving new problems, which require our focused attention Tap a steady beat three times with your left hand while tapping four times with your right hand. Both tasks require attention, which can be in only one place at a time. This is true, for I have noticed that Im unable to perform at my usual skill level on video games when trying to hold a conversation. The conversation, Just as much as the video game requires my attention, so I must sacrifice my attention on one in order to do the other. Likewise, the reason I wasnt able to comprehend what I read earlier, while my consciousness drifted, was because of something called Selective Attention. IVe always been disturbed with the fact that most of us will spend a third of our entire lives sleeping. Id always thought of sleep as a waste of time, but something that the body needed in order to function properly. But now Im intrigued with the ystery that lies in that 3rd of our lives. Thirty-seven percent of people report rarely or never navlng dreams tnat tney can rememoer tne next mornlng'(Moore, 2 Unknown to those people, they spend about 600 hours a year experiencing some 1500 dreams, or more than 100,000 dreams over a typical lifetime†dreams swallowed by the night but never acted out, thanks to REMs protective paralysis. While sleeping, you may feel dead to the world, but you are n ot. Even when you are deeply asleep, your perceptual window is not completely shut. This is very true, IVe noticed there are certain things, mainly sounds, that even when asleep, I tend to respond to. Such as hearing my name, as the book states, but even sounds like the meow of my cat. But, its also mentioned how The occasional roar of passing vehicles may leave your deep sleep undisturbed. Which makes me wonder why some sounds and not others, is it dependent on something simple such as the volume or pitch of the sound, or perhaps something more complicated and deeper such as how they are related to us, past experiences, or their importance in our lives?

Europes Iron Curtain Division

Europes Iron Curtain Division The Iron Curtain did not reach the ground and under it flowed liquid manure from the West. - Prolific Russian writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn, 1994. The Iron Curtain was a phrase used to describe the physical, ideological and military division of Europe between the western and southern capitalist states and the eastern, Soviet-dominated communist nations during the Cold War, 1945–1991. (Iron curtains were also metal barriers in German theaters designed to stop the spread of fire from the stage to the rest of the building while an orderly evacuation took place.) The western democracies and the Soviet Union had fought as allies during the Second World War, but even before peace had been achieved, they were circling each other warily and suspiciously. The US, the UK, and allied forces had freed large areas of Europe and were determined to turn these back into democracies, but while the USSR had also freed large areas of (Eastern) Europe, they had not freed them at all but merely occupied them and determined to create Soviet puppet states to create a buffer zone, and not a democracy at all. Understandably, the liberal democracies and Stalins murdering communist empire did not get on, and while many in the west remained convinced of the good of the USSR, many others were horrified by the unpleasantness of this new empire and saw the line where the two new power blocs met as something fearful. Churchills Speech The phrase Iron Curtain, which refers to the harsh and impenetrable nature of the divide, was popularized by Winston Churchill in his speech of March 5th, 1946, when he stated: From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow. Churchill had previously used the term in two telegrams to US President Truman. Older Than We Thought However, the term, which dates back to the nineteenth century, was probably first used in regard to Russia by Vassily Rozanov in 1918 when he wrote: an iron curtain is descending on Russian history. It was also used by Ethel Snowden in 1920 in a book called Through Bolshevik Russia and during WWII by Joseph Goebbels and German politician Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk, both in propaganda. The Cold War Many western commentators were initially hostile to the description as they still viewed Russia as a wartime ally, but the term became synonymous with the Cold War divisions in Europe, just as the Berlin Wall became the physical symbol of this division. Both sides made attempts to move the Iron Curtain this way and that, but hot war never broke out, and the curtain came down with the end of the Cold War at the end of the twentieth century.

Soil order Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Soil order - Essay Example The vertisol order of arid soils comprises of soils that contain swelling clays that develop deep wide cracks at specific periods of the year. Entisol, on the other hand, comprises of soils that exhibit very little or absolutely no signs of formation of pedogenic horizons. From the surface, arid soils comprise of torrifluvents followed by the torriorthents as one digs deeper beneath. Torrifluvents are recent deposits of alluvial plains that are flooded periodically. They make up the irrigated soils in arid climates. Torriorthents, on the other hand, have highly soluble salts and aridic moisture conditions because they are found deeper beneath the surface (Dregne 92). Climate in the arid regions experience largely uninterrupted sunshine for the entire year. This comes as a result of the high pressure in the air and the stable descending air. Arid regions are found 30 degrees latitudes north and south of the equator. Temperatures in these regions range between 400C and 450C all round the year. Ordinarily, arid regions have little rains during winter. However, they are devoid of rains all through the year. Usually, the difference between the highest and the lowest rainfall in arid regions that is recorded in different years is approximately 50% of the mean annual rainfall (Schwabe 76). The ephemeral annuals are plants that appear after the rains and complete their life cycles in a short season of about 8 weeks. Succulent perennials accumulate and store the absorbed water. These are cacti. Nonsucculent perennials make up the majority of vegetation or plants in the arid regions. They include hardy grasses, shrubs and woody herbs that can endure the harsh environmental conditions in the arid zones (Ribot, Antonio 95). It goes without noticing the adaptive features of the vegetation that thrive in the arid zones. For instance, some have extensive root systems that run deep beneath the surfaces to reach the relatively

Satire in The Canterbury Tales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Satire in The Canterbury Tales - Essay Example This is not the picture one gets with the description of the Monk who is presented as being rebellious and living a self-pleasing lifestyle not caring about what a true monk should practice. He is presented as someone whose pastime activities includes hunting hares and riding his horses instead of dedicating significant time of his life to studying, praying, and working for the society. The Monk’s character and actions stand in stark contrast to the rules of the monastery which forbids the monks from leaving the monastery, hunting and leading a reckless life. The monks chooses to disobey these rules as seen in Chaucer’s assertion that "He yaf nought of that text a pulled hen† (Greenblatt, Greenblatt, Abrams and Christ 85). Elsewhere, Chaucer also notes the Monk’s habit when it is noted "Of priking and of hunting for the hare was al his lust, for no cost wolde he spare"(191-192) which implies the Monk breaks these rules because they stand in the way of the t hings he loves. The way of Monks dressing is also satirized based on his break from traditional attire used by monks. Instead of wearing the plain habits with hoods which are the usual attire, the Monk chooses to put on one with gray fur on the sleeves of his cope and a gold pin with a love knot at the end of the hood. Chaucer describes the Monk as: This shows the Monk’s break from tradition where instead of being concerned with the poor in society, he spends his resources on accessories and the best attire. The description of the Monk based also indicates someone who does not fit into a religious lifestyle where instead of having the gold pin, the Monk was supposed to have a rosary. While being â€Å"lord ful fat† indicates a contrast from the expectation that monks should be lean due to constant fasting which might also proves he did not participate in these religious

Business Technology Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Technology Management - Essay Example Other RFID applications include animals and vehicles tracking, wrist and ankle band to provide security for the infants. Many RFID applications are yet to be discovered. In the future, RFID will benefit most industries and government agencies (Hunt et.al, 2007) RFID is the most efficient technology in which many industries have benefited from. It is cost effective, and Wal-mart and Department of Defense has incorporated it into their supply chains. The reason why it is used variedly is due to motivation from shipping, receiving and stocking efficiency, which is increasing. RFID decrease cost of labor and storage. It also reduces the product loss that can be offered by pallet level inventory of visibility. RFID is beneficial though a number of issues have hindered its growth. Failure to organize the RIFD into common standard of technology, lack of hard schedule rollout and economy of scale for RIFD tags has hindered the growth in the industry RFID was perceived very expensive. However, an increase in usage has made it effective in terms of cost. RFID have several advantages, which benefit most companies. It can code every individual RIFD uniquely. Adding data is possible. It also possesses reading possibilities, which are advanced. The companies should use RFID since it can increase distribution and sale productivity. RFID can reduce out of stock, counterfeiting, shrinkage, errors in supply chain. It improves promotional execution and management of inventories. It helps in tracking and managing capital asset and make receiving of accounts very efficient. RFID increase visibility and information sharing within the company and among members of supply of supply chain. It also increases access to real time information, which facilitates fast growth in the companies (Botha et.al, 2008) There is a need for companies to use the RFID. It yields very many benefits though companies might face some disadvantages. Continuous

Renault Nissan The Paradoxical Alliance Marketing Essay

Renault Nissan The Paradoxical Alliance Marketing Essay Individual Essay Contrary to common belief recent research suggests that, most often it is not poor strategic that causes mergers and acquisitions or alliances to fail but poor implementation. Common mistake can be identify in, for instance: lack of trust and communication, insensitive management, power struggles, slow execution or a leadership void following the deal. In this assay we will explain the points that have made what on the beginning was announced as a marriage of desperation is now considering one of the most successful alliance. The most fundamental challenge of any alliance or merger is cultural: if only one does not believe that something can be learned from new partners, the venture is doomed to fail said Carlos Ghosn. Renault-Nissan gave attention of the cultural people aspect, in fact Ghosn (Nissan and Renault CEO) created a specialize team combine both nationality together, in addition they chose a common language (English) and a common vocabulary, for some misleading words, with the purpose to avoid misunderstanding. A drive change, for the company has been the transparent valour and the strong leadership of the CEO; in addition a common vision, based on the Nissan Revival Plan, with the main purpose to be profitable in only three years, that has given a common point to reach for both the companies and what it is more the perfect goals to achieve. In this way, Ghosn had reinforced the value inherent in the organizations view and expressive a clear and appealing vision, such as using expressive, strong form of communication, show strong self-confidence and self-assurance in the attainment of the vision. Moreover, they transferred high expectations to the group and confidence in their abilities, showed role-modelling behaviours that emphasized and reinforced the values inherent in the vision and in this way empowering people to achieve the vision. From my point of view since the first meeting they create an alliance based on partnership and trust, rather than power and domination. The two companies utilize common synergies in numerous areas, apart from sharing the platforms on which vehicles are built; they also exchange research and technological innovation (transmission engineering, fuel and cell research, and state-of-the-art engines). In order to facilitate coordination and improve performance, they create a cross-cultural teams and functional task team, in fact some employee were working on the same time in Renault-Nissan alliance even though they continue to stay in their original company. Another important aspect is that the Renault-Nissan alliances have joining together people of various national cultures and different corporate society into one company. Moreover, the leader had capitalized on the cultural differences between employees and he minimized firstly the stereotype and secondly the psychological distances between them. Furthermore the company since the beginning invested a lot of money for training 1500 Renault employee about the Japanese culture and 400 Nissan staffs about the French culture. This one the first good step for create a cross-cultural alliance, studying the opposite company culture, habit and background, both Japanese and French could understand better the opposite point of view, in order to avoid misunderstanding and play together for a common plan. When Carlos Ghosh arrived to Nissan, he plan to cut 21,000 jobs (from 147,000 to 148,000) by March 2003, so basically in three years, in addition he closed five factories and interrupted the historical supplier rapport with the Keiretzu. He did all of these actions in order to give a strong signal to the company and reduce to the minimum redundancy and cost. Another important aspect that Carlos completely change was the management process, before he came to Nissan a younger employee could not managing and old colleague because of the age and the seniority, in fact promotion were related to the sonority of the employee. He creates a completely new promotion rules, based strictly on performance, without any relation between ages of the employee. In this way he creates common rules between the two companies and on the other hand he motivates young and not members of the team to work hard. This was completely different from the Japanese culture, but after a while, when the Japanese emplo yee understood the benefits of this action, it was easier for them accepted and gave them also, a huge motivation, because of the egalitarian style. Moreover, he established nine cross-functional teams; each was led by two executive members and headed by a pilot. Further, team members were selected by the leaders and the pilot. The purpose was to create a cross functional and international team, in order to share competencies, experiences and see the company as whole together. Moreover, Carlos Ghosn in 2001 hired a high-profile female Japanese executive for heading Nissan communication department; in fact she was the first woman to lead an important function inside the company. This new person did not create any contrast inside the company, because of the new mentality that step by step the CEO was trying to build inside the Nissan-Renault company. In the past, in Japanese culture an act likes that could create problems or just loose of power from the manager, but because of the lon g training and the new cross-cultural vision, what in the past would be a conflict, now it is a new benefit. Undoubtedly, there were some radical cultural differences between the two companies, Japanese culture is more collectivistic, as oppose to the French one that on the workplace is more individualistic. This two particular aspect of cross-cultural were explained by Hofstede before and Trompenaars later, even if with some differences. As a matter of fact, the former conceptualize the differences between individualism and collectivism as general differences between cultures. The author point out that on a scale of 50 different countries, with values between 91 and 6, the IDV value for France people are 71 so pretty high, as oppose to the Japanese with only 41, which show a more collectivistic culture instead on individualistic. The latter, on the other hand emphasis more frequent reference to managerial implication, even though the general sense is really close to what Hofstede set out. This last aspect can be a practical point that Renault and Nissan managers and employee had studied du ring the first months training, with the purpose to avoid problems inside the cross cultural team and colleagues indeed. Moreover, Hofstede explained the different point of view that some countries have about masculinity and femininity, in fact based on the authors fourth dimension, he underlined that the Japanese country is the first country for masculinity, such as competiveness and performance, with a score of 95 out of 5 and France only 45 out of 5, definitely with more femininity values, for instance relationship and a concern for the quality of life. This shows a huge difference between the two countries, but due to the high Japanese masculinity, for Carlos Ghosn (Renault-Nissan CEO) was the perfect synergy, in fact Nissan employees found a strong new management, which gave to the alliance new rules, with a continue demand of high performance and even more hard competiveness than before, because more egalitarian. On the other hand, we can find in Hofstede also same synergy; the first one is with the power distance, in fact following the author research France (68/104) is slightly more hierarchical than Japan (54/104) which is more equalitarian, even though the substantial difference with the two countries is really minimal. The second possible common point is with the last Hofstede dimension the uncertainty avoidance, where both countries show a closer score (92/112 France and 86/112 Japan), which underline a predisposition for the roles; which definitely prove an important aspect for a strong alliance. As Trompenaars and Hampden -Turner (1997, Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Global Business) identified and analyzed seven different dimension, one in particular is the neutral/emotional dimension, where they describe the cultural contrast between countries where emotions are masked and others where emotions are exhibit openly, also inside a business situation. Moreover, the two authors emphasis the cultural differences between south European and Japan, the former in general tend to exhibit without any separation between emotion and reasoning. The latter, on the other hand, demonstrate that the 74% of Japanese do not want to express inside a workplace strong emotions. The points just mention above are absolutely a cultural difference, which can create discontent and fracture inside a new alliance, if the respective company do not know that it is more a behavioural aspect rather than a value in itself. Furthermore, Trompenaars and Hampden -Turner also wrote about the role of societal culture at the organization level, believing that corporate culture is shaped not only by technologies and market but by the cultural preferences of leaders and employees. This is another important point that links the two authors with the new Nissan-Renault vision. A common aspect that both Hofstede and Trompeenars mention in their studied is the negotiation aspect, in some cases if the two parts do not know the opposite habit respect the understanding and agreement phases, these can create some misunderstanding and emphasis the difference between a Middle East country and European or Western Countries (USA). Indeed, during Renault- Nissan negotiation the two CEO (at that time were Schweitzer and Hanawa) met dozen times, with the purpose to learn, trust and understand each other and in this way imagine a future alliance between their companies. Therefore, the second step was to put together for six months (before the alliance) some of the top executives, with the aim of forging a formal alliance between the companies. After that Schweitzer and Hanawa chose 100 engineers and managers from both companies to work together, with the intent to joint team study and without any formal objective and free from cultural stereotypes. Both companies have i nvested time, resources and money for a long period negotiation with the purpose to discover the possible synergies without pay attention to the economical aspect. According to Schwartz researches, the two core bipolar dimensions identified were: Self-transcendence/ self- enhancement and Conservatism and Openness to change, the last one is the first link for the two companies, in fact, even though in different way, both have been opened to change. Nissan had completely changed management structure, part of the company vision and it become more transparent and communicative; on the other hand, Renault brought to Nissan important key people (CEO C.Ghosn, product development P. Pelata and finance T. Moulonguet), in order to give to the alliance strong brick for the companys revival. Moreover, both companies since the beginning have been opened to share engineers, idea and platforms. The second point correlated with Schwartz (2000) studies is with the three indices and in particular with Mastery and Harmony, where according to the authors research the Japanese culture appear more focus for control and change the natural and social environment. On the Renault- Nissan alliance this has not been a problem, because of the common vision focusing to restore Nissans company. According to Hall (1990) search he point out in his model the difference between high and low context societies. In the high context societies are often stress the importance of establishes good social relations based on trust and respect, this is an useful link with the point already mention before about the negation period coped with the two associates. Further, Hall identify three distinct categories: High- context, Medium- context and Low- context. Japanese culture reflect for the author more a high-context model, as opposed to France culture which result more on the medium-context categories; some of the points mention of this model could create inside the Renault-Nissan alliance some problem, because of the different way to think and manage the situation. According to Hughes and Weiss (Harvard Business Review, 2007) -The number of corporate alliances rises 25% a year. And those partnerships account for nearly 33% of many companies revenue and value. Yet the failure rate for alliances stays close at 60%-70%, that is because too many firms trust too much on conventional advice for managing alliances- -such as Focus on defining a business plan or Minimize conflict. The idea in practice from my point of view is that companies need to focus not only on the business plan but also on the partnerships working relationship and, rather than suppressing disagreements, exploring conflicts to find sources of value in partner companies differences. Therefore, the authors recommend five different practices in order to managing alliances: Develop the right working relationship Peg metrics to progress Leverage differences Encourage collaboration Manage internal stakeholders. The suggestion for the first one is to define exactly how the companies will work together. For example, clarify what mutual trust and respect mean to each of the corporations. Articulate how they will make decisions, allocate resources, and share information. The second point is to Peg metrics to progress,  alliances require time to pay off financially and alliance does not reach significant result in the first period, (month or even in the first year). Third points that the authors underline are the Leverage differences,  companies can share advantage from partners different, for instance: know-how, markets, customers, and suppliers. Yet other types of differences (such as contrasting cultures) can direct to uncomfortable conflict. Instead of hiding conflict, surface it and find ways to use your differences to create value. Another important practical point is to Encourage collaboration in fact if a problem come up, rather than prejudge someone or something, it is always better try to analyse of how both parties contributed to it and what each can do to improve it. The last one is to Manage internal stakeholders, in a practical way most of the external alliances depend on cooperation from internal units in each company. The purpose i s to be sure that all internal players are involved in supporting the alliance and committed for the success. From my point of view, the two authors express some important guide for making a good alliance, such as encourage collaboration, uses the differences for create value or create inside the company mutual trust and respect, all the points mention before are well express also inside the Renault-Nissan alliance, as some of the core value of the alliance. In addition, Carlos Ghosn definitely represents a strong figure for the alliance, probably a part of the heart of the company. He begun Nissan COO in 1999 and with the Nissan Revival Plan (NRP) gave to the alliance immediately clear qualitative and quantitative targets, with the aim to achieve all of them in no more than 3-4 year. He imposed a common restructuring, with tangible but challenging mission and a share vision The return to profit. Nevertheless, the NRP as mention before Ghosn gave a lot of importance about cross-cultural team, link both of companies with the same rules, since the first moment he always tried to avoid cultural stereotype and created work teams with both nationalities together. Carlos is a charismatic business man, but is also a clever CEO, who knows that he could not overcome or transcended cultural differences, only with is personal quality. Therefore, he mixed both leadership quality and cultural synergies with the intention to create the perfect allianc e. J. Collin and W. lazier (Beyond 1992) wonderful explain the role of a Leader, all the first chapter of the book Entrepreneurship (turning your business into an enduring company) is dedicate in leadership style. The two authors identified a guide for an effective leadership function and style; for the former they specified that the purpose is catalyze a clear and compelling vision that is shared by the group and is acted upon. For the latter, they recognized seven common elements for consider an effective leader style, plus the individual personality characteristics: Authenticity, Decisiveness, Focus, Personal Touch, Hard/soft people skills, Communication Ever forward All the points mentions above are decisiveness for build a strong leadership; as a matter of fact most of them are easily connected with Renault-Nissan alliance. The first share aspect is that Carlos Ghosn gave immediately an authentic vision for the new alliance and he carries this authenticity out to the major strategic decision made by the company. Moreover, he is a role model of the value and beliefs through his day-to-day actions, in this way all the company should be a role model of its philosophy as exemplified by its major decisions. The second point is absolutely the decisiveness , in fact Carlos showed immediately the ability to decide what it was better for the alliance and what not ( an example could be the historical supplier Keiretzu that he cut off, without any doubt, because not anymore essential for the company). Other important point already amply discuss before are be focus, Personal Touch and hard/soft people skills for instance, He creates a completely new promot ion rules, based strictly on performance and new cross- cultural teams, with the purpose to used the common synergies and learn from the future conflict. Communication is a crucial point for this alliance, because Carlos Ghosn has completely changed the way of how to communicate inside Nissan, in fact he establish an absolutely transparent, open, precise and functional communication inside the company but also outside such as the media. The CEO believes that if people do not know the priority, do not understand the strategy, where the company is going, which one are the critical objectives. For his point of view confusion is the first sign of trouble; with large amount of different cultures and countries, it is important to be precise and factual, in order that people can see and measure. To sum up, more or less ten years ago Renault-Nissan was considered an impossible alliance, there were apparently too many economical problems, cultural and organizational differences. However, during these eleven years the two companies have become the number four and five profitable largest car manufacturer companies on the world. Therefore, I would like to emphasize the last element of effective leadership style: ever forward mentality. Since the beginning, Carlos Ghosn has always moving forward progressing- before as an individual and later transmitting this new values to the alliance. This new open-mind way of how to think, collaborate, cooperate between teams and share ideas, combine two cultures and languages together, broken any kind of stereotypes and avoid cultural shock. With the aim to achieve an unique common goal be profitable again and create a longevity alliance. Renault-Nissan from my point of view is the perfect example of the effective power of a strong and well establish cross-cultural alliance. Doriana Carlucci S00402667

PSY 301, Introductory Psychology, Fall 2005, Exam 4 A :: UTEXAS Texas Psychology

Form A Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ Introductory Psychology, Fall 2005 (Hawkins) Exam 4 Instructions: Write your name and the date on the top of this exam. Your must turn in this exam along with your answer sheet. On the answer sheet, print your EID, blacken the letters of your EID and provide the other information requested. (Don't forget to put which form of the exam you took!) Remember to blacken your choice for each item on the answer sheet (A, B, C, or D) and completely erase your questions. Good luck! 1. The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections facilitated the credibility and acceptance of: A) trait theory. B) psychoanalytic theory. C) the medical model. D) DSM-IV. E) the social-cognitive perspective. 2. Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of: A) phobias. B) dissociative disorders. C) schizophrenia. D) depression. 3. Dr. Genscher believes that most psychological disorders result from chemical abnormalities. In her work as a therapist, Dr. Genscher is most likely to make use of: A) psychosurgery. B) EMDR. C) systematic desensitization. D) drug therapies. E) transference. 4. Psychotherapy is likely to be most effective when a client's problem is: A) clear-cut. B) the result of unconscious conflicts. C) long-standing and habitual. D) a response to a stressful life situation. E) self-inflicted. 5. Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior. A) norms and roles B) superordinate goals C) beliefs and feelings D) dispositional attributions 6. Which form of therapy is most likely to emphasize the importance of examining a person's role within a social system? A) systematic desensitization B) cognitive therapy C) psychoanalysis D) family therapy E) client-centered therapy 7. Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. This best illustrates: A) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. B) social facilitation. C) group polarization. D) the bystander effect. E) the mere exposure effect. 8. Ksana insists that her boyfriend's car accident resulted from his carelessness. Her explanation for the accident provides an example of: A) the bystander effect. B) deindividuation. C) ingroup bias. D) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. E) a dispositional attribution. 9. Which form of therapy has most directly contributed to the sharp reduction in the number of residents in U.S. mental hospitals? A) psychosurgery B) cognitive therapy C) electroconvulsive therapy D) drug therapy E) behavior therapy 10. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the: A) emergency takes place in a large city. B) observer has just endured a frustrating experience. C) emergency victim is a member of a different racial group than the observer.

English paper Essay

Will Durant, a U. S author and historian, writes, â€Å"Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance. † This means that all the knowledge people once had is misleading to what the truth really is. Similarly, in Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† and Frederick Douglass’s â€Å"Learning to Read and Write† a painful process of gaining knowledge through all the ignorance is described. Plato describes a prisoner going on a journey to gain knowledge that is behind him, after he was stuck staring at a wall of shadows his whole life. He goes back to tell the other prisoners of his discoveries and they want to kill him. Douglass is a slave who learns to read and write, going through stages to achieve each step. As he begins gaining knowledge he finds the truth about slavery which startles him. Socrates’ idea that gaining knowledge is a difficult journey to undertake because by doing so it changes the way people see the world, as proven by Douglass’ experiences. In Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†, Socrates illustrates a metaphorical story about attaining knowledge. He describes a cave with men who are chained, prisoners of the cave. They face a wall; that is all they can see because they cannot move their heads. They cannot even look behind them to see a walkway and a fire. As a person passes on the walkway, a shadow is projected onto the wall in front of the prisoners; this is all they know. Only the shadows are what is real to them because it’s all they have ever known. Socrates says, â€Å"How could they see anything but the shadows if they were never allowed to move their heads? † (Plato 479). The main point is that people cannot understand anything except what is being projected right in front of them. Socrates’ point is that society has a limited understanding of knowledge, and is ignorant about what is beyond the surroundings. To acquire knowledge of the truth beyond the cave, one prisoner is freed. As his eyes adjust to the light, he starts to see the real objects from the images that are projected onto the wall. He understands how the shadows were a false truth and just an illusion and he feels bad for the other prisoners still stuck in the cave. He understands that they are not seeing the truth. Socrates states, â€Å"What he saw before was an illusion†. So the  prisoner returns to tell the others about his knew knowledge, but they couldn’t understand what they were being told. The other prisoners will not accept the knowledge the escapee has learned and my even put him to death. But the chained prisoners don’t understand that the whole world outside the cave is more real than the false illusions, or the shadows being projected onto the walls. Society doesn’t want to accept knew knowledge; people often resist changing what they know. Socrates’ prisoner goes through stages or the process of knowledge, which is also shown in Douglass. In the allegory, when the prisoner first leaves the cave he stares at the sun and cannot see; it takes time to get accustomed to the brightness. Socrates describes, â€Å"And first he will see the shadows best, next the reflections of men and other objects in the water, and then the objects themselves† (Plato 480). In time the prisoner will begin to understand the â€Å"realities† (Plato 480) that he is facing by going through the stages. This is shown in Douglass as well. Douglass is first taught to read by Mistress Hugh, but then she refuses to teach him. So Douglass turns to kids that he makes friends with to finish teaching him to read. Douglass Sates, â€Å"The light broke in upon me by degrees† (Douglass 73); in other words, education is being achieved in stages. This is like the prisoner going through a process of gaining knowledge. Once Douglass is introduced to reading, he teaches himself to write by tricking the white boys into helping him learn. The process endured outside the cave by the prisoner- or the process endured by Douglass- will be â€Å"tedious† (Douglass 74), and take time, but steps must be taken to gain any knowledge. The process of gaining knowledge can be painful; Socrates idea of pain by being enlightened is played out in Douglass. When the prisoner is in a cave he is comfortable with the shadows on the wall and his surroundings, but if the prisoner is freed he will feel pain: â€Å"And if he is compelled to look straight at the light, will he not have a pain in his eyes which will make him turn away to take refuge in the objects of visions which he can see† (Plato 480). The new knowledge that he will gain is so different than what he is used to. This can be seen likewise in Douglass as well. When Douglass learns to read he learns the truth of slavery which â€Å"tormented† (Douglass 71) him. He writes, â€Å"It opened my eyes to the horrible pit, but no ladder upon which to get out† This is similar to the prisoner leaving the cave. He understands slavery and his rights are taken away, they ways that they are taken from their homes and made into nothing is so cruelly wrong. This causes him great pain; the only thing he has to look forward to is the hope of being freed. Because becoming enlightened is a painful process, many will resist or challenge what they believe, as illustrated by Socrates and Douglass. After the prisoner goes on his journey of being enlightened, he goes back to the cave to tell his friends what he has learned, but they reject him. Socrates says, â€Å"If any one tried to lose another and lead him up to the light, let them only catch he offender, and they would put him to death† (Plato 482). The other prisoners think he is being â€Å"ridiculous† (Plato 481) and want to put him to death for his story about life outside the cave. They don’t understand that they are the ones trapped in ignorance and the freed prisoner is telling them the truth. This also plays out in Douglass. Mistress Hugh began by being a caring lady and teaching Douglass how to read, but slavery soon made a big impact on her. â€Å"I have had her rush at me with a face made all up of fury, and snatch from me a newspaper, in a manner that fully revealed her apprehension† ( Douglass 70). The violence she projected toward Douglass when snatching the paper from him shows the resistance she now has toward him being educated. Many will resist being enlightened because society doesn’t like to change what they already know. While society tends to resist enlightenment, those who are enlightened cannot return to their former ignorance, and pities others who are stuck there; which is shown in Plato and Douglass. When the prisoner went on his journey after being freed from the cave he learned all about the false notions he was living in the cave. Socrates says, â€Å"And when he remembered his old habitation, and the wisdom of the den and his fellow-prisoners, do you not suppose that he would felicitate himself on the change, and pity them? † (Plato 481). The prisoner feels bad for the others because they are trapped in ignorance and cannot see the truth like he has. This is also shown in Douglass.

Institute for Healthcare Improvement Organization

Institute for Healthcare Improvement Organization Introduction The Institute for Healthcare Improvement is one of the largest organizations within the United States (US) that affects change in the health environment. The organization offers training courses to personnel in the medical profession at global and community levels. Thus, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the role of nurses in the Institutes for Healthcare Improvement activities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Institute for Healthcare Improvement Organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Role of Nurses in Effecting Change Enormous increase in health care costs is increasingly becoming a concern to government, corporate as well as personal budgets. Draper et .al (2008) revealed that the health care expenditures have increased by an average of two percent higher than the growth of GDP for the past fifty years. The underlying concern is that if this trend continues, health care expe nditure is likely to consume more than twenty-percent of government expenditure in most countries by 2050. The trends in government expenditure are disturbing. However, this organization promotes efficiency in service delivery, hence reducing the cost of services at health facilities. Since nurses have a primary contact with the patients, participation on the efficiency management at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement organization will greatly reduce the unnecessary costs such as wastages and misuse of health provision instruments (Draper et al. 2008). The general agreement is that wellness programs run by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement have profound positive benefits to both the administration and patients. Through these initiatives, patients have the opportunity to live happier, healthier, longer and more productive lives. Being the most important assets to an organization, improved productivity of health institutions presents a bundle of benefits to the administra tion. The development and implementation of wellness programs and health programs is initiated and managed by nurses. As a result of involvement of nurses in this change process, hospitals and other health facilities are likely to experience dramatic shift from a culture of treatment to prevention (Jennings et al. 2007). When developing records management mechanisms, numbers of setbacks befall health program providers. Data storage has become a complex element in records keeping. This problem is further complicated by merger of health facility departments and integrated health delivery services. Fortunately, the records management and treatment skill offered by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement equips nurses with the relevant skills of micro managing records especially in the remote health facilities. Thus, a nurse involved in the records management course offered by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement will have necessary expertise in professional records management of p atients (Draper et al. 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The concept of leadership can be broadly defined as the intrinsic ability to internalize a setting with the intention of empowering a group or team to proactively and creatively contribute towards problem solving. On the other hand, management, in the broad spectrum, can be defined as the process in an organization that is inclusive of setting, strategic planning, managing resources and deploying the needed resources to realize specific objectives that are measurable within a specified period of time. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement encourages nurses to offer primary leadership and management skills in implementing changes through the participatory approach (Jennings et al. 2007). Conclusion Leadership inspires the need to contribute proactively towards creation of a suitable environment for closin g the gap that may exist between a challenge and its solution. A nurse participating in the change activities of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement may offer creative leadership which is a rich recipe for an imaginative response to stimulation. The stimulation creates a wider chain of adaptation of viable solutions when implementing change in the healthcare environment. References Draper, D. A., Felland, L. E., Liebhaber, A., Melichar, L. (2008). The role of nurses in hospital quality improvement. Web. Jennings, B., Baily, A., Bottrell, M., Lynn, J. (2007). Health care quality improvement: Ethical and regulatory issues. Retrieved from thehastingscenter.org/uploadedFiles/Publications/Special_Reports/Health%20Care%20Quality%20Improvement.pdf

Human Evolution factors and proofs essays

Human Evolution factors and proofs essays Human evolution is the theory that states that humans developed from primates millions of years ago. Generation by generation the genetic composition of Primates changed which eventually created humans today. There are many factors and proofs to justify this theory. The main factor was climate and the need to move locations. Fossils that were found in France were huge evidence that evolution really was how humans came to be as they are today. The main factor effecting evolution is climate. When climate changed, within time the Homo sapiens were forced to move. Because the location changed their diet was forced to change as well. Instead of only eating vegetation and nuts the Homo sapiens started eating meat. The result of eating meat forced their brain to grow from the protein, their figure started to change and they started to develop canine teeth. During the Ice Ages the Sahara desert expanded which allowed the Homo sapiens to move to Australia. While they were moving through Eastern Europe they encountered new animals. The Homo sapiens then developed better tools, such as spears, to kill off the new predators. The Homo sapiens then encountered the Neanderthals. This created a war between the two species. The Homo sapiens eventually beat out the Neanderthals and the Neanderthals became extinct. Around 10 000 years ago, once the Ice Age was over, many mammals became extinct due to the great climatic change. Humans, however, were the smartest mammals and were able to find ways to survive. Isolation was another factor of evolution. Being isolated for a long periods of time let certain traits the Homo sapiens had take over and it let certain traits die. Climate was the overall main factor of evolution and it played the biggest role. There are many proofs of Evolution. Fossils have been found that indicate that humans have not just existed but have evolved over time. Scientists have analyzed the bon ...

Comparative Analysis of American and Soviet Perspectives on the 1962 Essay

Comparative Analysis of American and Soviet Perspectives on the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis - Essay Example The two nations have some valid grounds for assigning different relevance to different truths, and even to similar truths. Apparently, the truths themselves, regardless how popular, understood, or overlooked, are similar for both (Fursenko & Naftali 1997). Furthermore, as claimed by Fursenko and Naftali (1997), even nowadays, the crisis is not accurately known. Scholars on both sides have concentrated on how the events of the crisis have made subsequent leaders more cautious and more keenly sensitive to the importance of preventing decisions that could provoke another war. However, there is insufficient knowledge in the United States as to the reason that incident is referred to by the Soviet as the ‘Caribbean crisis’, and how it may be critically considered as originating even partly from the U.S. decisions (Hirschbein 1997, 137). There is insufficient knowledge in the Soviet as to the reason it is appropriately viewed in the U.S. as a crisis caused by the covert entran ce of Soviet medium-range missiles into Cuba. And in these two nations there is inadequate focus on and knowledge of the entire interaction process, including not just conflicting points of view but conflicting paradigms of significant truth, or distinct groups of realities (Garthoff 1989). As stated by Nathan (1992), especially dissimilar base levels of transparency of documents or source materials in both nations complicate the issue of trying to attain some kind of consolidated historical and political point of view. The Cuban Missile Crisis: Comparing the Perspectives of U.S. and the Soviet Union The Soviet Union and the United States are superpowers with global ambitions, and at times those ambitions come to blows. Crisis management is needed if conflicts... This research aims to evaluate and present the Soviet Union and the United States as superpowers with global ambitions, and at times those ambitions come to blows. Crisis management is needed if conflicts occur; but crisis avoidance rooted in political control and recognition of dissimilarities is much to be desired. Reductions and regulations of arms control are vital in themselves and since they can positively influence political affairs. Nuclear war avoidance, and thus avoidance of any war implicating the Soviet Union and the United States, is of the greatest concern. Analyzing the experience and understanding the importance of the missile crisis of 1962 can help both nations to ascertain not only that this problem never happens again, but also that a bigger crisis never arises. The United States focused on crisis management. This inclination is true generally, and with regard to analysis of the Cuban missile crisis. In contrast, in the Soviet Union the common tendency and utmost attention paid to the 1962 Caribbean crisis has been aimed at improving crisis avoidance and political acceptance, instead of crisis management. Strangely invalidating the common stereotypes, the Americans have been moderate, cynical pragmatists, believing that, unfortunately, conflicts will arise and should be cautiously handled, whereas the Soviets have seemed to be hopeful, if not totally unrealistic, in claiming that crises can and should be avoided by political co-operation.

Journal 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Journal 4 - Essay Example It is unfortunate that many people do not recognize that God ha such love for us (Greidanus, 2007). The course enabled me to gain familiarity with the challenges that Jesus faced when he was on earth. I am happy that he set a perfect example for us to emulate. Jesus did promise his disciples that he would provide them with his holy spirit. Notably, God’s Holy Spirit still guides us today. It is comforting to recognize that God and Jesus understand the criticality of the times we are living. Therefore, we have the gift of the Holy Spirit who guides us on the right way. In addition, the course made me realize that Jesus does intercede for us. The fact that Jesus intercedes for us proved to be very comforting to me because there are times when I feel that it is impossible to express my true feelings to God (Malone, 2006). As an imperfect human being, I find it comforting to realize that Jesus who understands the challenges on earth intercedes for us Christians. The course introduced the angels and their purpose. From the course, I learned that the angels were present during creation and that they celebrated the good work that God did. However, the example of Satan, who chose to challenge the sovereignty of God served as a warning to me as a Christian. Since Satan understands his fate, he is determined to lead as many people as possible astray. My greatest concern in the period we are living in is whether I will be able to survive and resist the temptations of Satan. Therefore, I am praying for myself continuously that I may be able to appreciate God’s love that He showed through His son and helped God give an answer to his adversary Satan (Greidanus, 2007). However, there are still aspects of the judgment period that I do not understand fully, especially the ones revealed in the book of

Virtue Ethics Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Virtue Ethics - Personal Statement Example This is because no man is truly virtuous and everyone has certain deficiencies to appropriate degrees when evaluated against good character. When the question turns towards practices in business, good character and virtuousness do not stand very well in today's world if survival and sustainability are he immediate goals of the business activity. This is because, in accordance with the given situation, one may have to resort to means that may not be harmful to anyone, but do not fall within the framework of righteousness. For example, if there is a severe competition in the market, then it is not desirable to give way to others thinking that everyone should have an equal share of the business. In fact, businesses would not exist for long if they went that way. According to me, the sole aim of any business would be to strive for the generation of good consequences not only for the business, but also for every other entity as far as possible. As such, I believe that this should be the sole guiding path for a business. If I were to adopt this path, then my intentions would be multi-faceted. The quest for good results would make me ensure that I provide for the needy to the maximum extent possible. Likewise, I also feel that the people and other entities I am involved or related to must also benefit as a result of my actions and the business' progress.

Stakeholders for BP (British Petroleum) Essay Example for Free

Stakeholders for BP (British Petroleum) Essay The diagram below (Figure 1.1) is a representation of some of the multifaceted relationships between BP and its publics/stakeholders. It is clear that the assortment of communication channels used to reach key publics is somewhat diverse. Whilst consumers and investors are perhaps most likely to be the primary focus, these two groups are highly influenced by surrounding interrelated groups and channels and generally rely on these sources (not the company) for accurate information. Environmental and other similar lobbying groups are always a concern for oil companies such as BP. It was in fact a combination of such groups and media coverage that led BP to withdraw financial support from Arctic Power: a proposed oil drilling project in Alaska a region in which oil projects will always be shadowed by the ghost of the Exxon Valdez. Chappell (BP Spokesman) cited in Gerth said of the situation Were leaving this to the American public to sort out. BP would perhaps have benefited from having a more primary two-way communication channel with environmental groups such as Greenpeace and the WWF. They would then be able to preempt any unfavourable circumstances and can structure their PR efforts accordingly. In contrast, they can use the media to maximise any good relations with environmental bodies. The benefit of this can be seen in the 1995 situation with Shells disused Brent Spar storage platform which Greenpeace successfully campaigned to have dismantled  instead of sunk (after much debate and physical protest) (http://www.uyseg.org/risked/pages/spar/spar_index.htm). Veer (cited in Einsiedel 2002, p. 11) stated: Initially, Brent Spar for example, was a classic example of what I term the old- fashioned DAD approach to decision-making Decide, Announce, Defend. Genuine dialogue however, requires companies to adopt the DDD approach Dialogue, Decide, Deliver. DDD is an attempt to come to terms with the realities of a new show me world. The days when people trusted business and government to take decisions on their behalf are over. Today, its no longer enough for companies to simply say trust me. Companies are in the spotlight as never before. The show me world has already had profound implications for the way in which Shell and other companies conduct business. Since 1995 Shell has hired PR consultants to help evaluate past incidents and current situations. This strategy has now transformed into a reputation for social responsibility that extends throughout the global Shell network and has certainly placed the company as top performer in this area for the oil industry. This kind of attitude eventually also translates to positive conditions for investors. Through sustainable development we integrate the economic, environmental and societal aspects of our business to achieve sustained financial success, safeguard our environment and develop our reputation as partner and provider of first choice for all of our stakeholders. Sustrainable development is not just about the environment and social concerns; its very much about economic performance too. For these reasons it makes good business sense (www.shell.com 2003).

The Graffiti Exposure in Wynnum Essay example -- essays research paper

The Graffiti Exposure in Wynnum Is it a work of art; or a piece of scrawl sprayed across some bare surface? Ladies and Gentlemen, should Wynnum be exposed to Graffiti? Firstly, I would like to ask you. What is the cost to the government to ‘cover up' this unwanted advertisement? One recent attack placed a school approximately $4000 out of pocket. Further more, over the last twelve months, my school has experienced nine attempts at destroying the asthetic appeal of the buildings within. I could also safely say that most of the other schools in the Wynnum Manly district, both public and private, received similar encounters of degradation. It's not just the cost, it's also the time. What about the cleaners? What about the painters? What about the police? I am sure there are more constructive projects to cover than cleaning up after some graffiti vandal. It is not just our schools who experience the attacks. Scout dens, parks, businesses, trains, just to name a few, all lie in the mercy of the local crew, or graffiti gang. Is there a reason for such an act? Criminologists suggest that there are many motives for graffiti. These motives all point to one main factor. Targeting the higher authority: Revenge towards the authority; Anger towards the authority; Boredom from lack of authority; To convince of self-existence, and To explore prohibited areas placed by authority. The pattern of locations the police established, is that all the tags, or the writer's signature, are pla...

Debate Against School Uniforms Essay

Have you ever played Wheres Waldo? By issuing students school uniforms, finding a problem child would be a lot like playing that game in a real life situation. Just like any other argument you will have your pros and cons of the idea, but in my opinion and many others, the cons highly outweigh the pros of wearing school uniforms. Many intelligent individuals will lose their motivation to excel and be prevalent because they are used to being ordinary like everyone else. School uniforms shout conformity in many ways and to me that isnt the way to get your students to prevail in the classrooms. Individuality is a huge factor for school age children and their chance to grow among their peers. School uniforms will do nothing but cut down on a students individuality. A uniform is not the way to cut down on school violence. The only thing that will cut down on school violence is if parents would pay attention to their children and keep their children out of trouble and give them consequences when they disobey and not to let them run wild. Uniforms cause regularity. We need free thinking children to become the thinkers of tomorrow, not drones who will continue making the mistakes of previous generations. When we argue against school uniforms we argue against an education system that seeks to produce workers and for an education system that seeks to produce open-minded all-around human beings. One major argument of school uniforms is that they will save money for less fortunate families. This statement can also be battled very easily. There are just as many experts who believe that the cost of school uniforms is a negative factor as those who see it as a positive factor. Some experts believe that it increases the amount of clothing parents will have to buy for their children because the children will still want and need clothing for the hours they are not in school. Uniforms can be more expensive for a family who buys from second-hand stores or who relies on hand-me-down clothing from friends and family. Some experts believe cost is a negative aspect of school uniforms because there is no use for them outside of school. Ultimately school uniforms will likely cost equal to higher amounts of money than buying regular clothing for a child. Everyone wants to be comfortable in what they are wearing and school uniforms limit that option significantly. Many people say that different types of clothing feel comfortable to different people. Some children are more comfortable in a specific material or style of clothing. Uniforms reduce ones ability to choose clothing that fits individual comfort needs. Experts believe that children need to feel comfortable in order to maximize learning, and that uniforms can therefore prevent academic success. Another problem would be if the school was required to wear ties. Wearing a tie would put an enormous damper on childrens ability to pay attention. Most students would spend a majority of their time situating and loosening their tie to the desired fitting. The sad part is that by the time it feels comfortable it is against the dress code and they find themselves in trouble. Identification is one of the biggest factors ruled in against school uniforms. Many people state that you could easily site outsiders of the school, and it would also eliminate gang colors. If you have a school full of children with the same clothing on you would find it nearly impossible to identify a child who was causing trouble. One example is if someone caught a glimpse of a child stealing and then tried to give a description. The description would most likely fit a majority of the students in the school. As for eliminating gang colors, there are better ways to take care of that. If you can tell a gang by its colors and the ones affiliated with it, why not send the gang member to a school away from the other children. Any group that will endanger the life of the other students doesnt deserve to learn with them. Instead of taking away their ability to recognize each other by colors they should be sent off to boot camp or somewhere alike. In conclusion school uniforms can easily be avoided by making the right judgments and by working harder to keep our children away from conformity. Each factor for uniforms can also be backed by an even better reason not to put them in action. Our countrys children need to be able to form an individual personality and ability to learn and progress through adolescents. Each area of discussion shows that children would fair more successful without the statement of a school uniform in hand. Works Cited :1)http://www.daytondailynews.com/blogs/content/shared-gen/blogs/dayton/education/entries/2006/07/29/the_case_agains_1.html2)http://www.communityonline.com/local/educational/schools/uniforms/uniforms.htm3)http://www.geocities.com/school_uniforms/abstract98.html

Detective stories Essay

The Sherlock Holmes stories are the work of Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes first appeared in the story ‘The Study of Scarlet’, which was published in the magazine ‘Beetons Christmas Annual of 1887†². Over the 40 years that followed Holmes appeared in 5 collections of short stories, and 3 other novels. Holmes’ popularity was partly due to the fact that his books were the detective fiction books ever to be published. These books are still read today all over the world, because of the brilliant way in which they are written. The Sherlock Holmes books are written from the point of view of his sidekick Watson. Many modern day detective fiction books and television programmes follow the pattern of a detective and sidekick. The stories of Sherlock Holmes caused him to become a national hero. In all the Sherlock Holmes stories we are given a detailed description of what he looks like, that is a tall gaunt person with long thin legs, a thin hawk like nose a square chin, and of course a pipe and deerstalker hat. The first story I read of Sherlock Holmes was ‘The Red Headed League’. In this story the reader is immedietely introduced to problematic situation, where a pawnbroker has come for advice. The pawnbroker goes on to tell Holmes and Watson his situation. Whilst the man is in the company of Holmes, Holmes begins to deduce things from just looking at the ware and tare of the mans body and clothes. From a very early point in the story we begin to see characteristics in Holmes, such as habits when he id thinking, ‘†¦ relapsing into his armchair, and putting his finger-tips together, as was his custom when in judicial moods. ‘ I was are given the impression that Holmes is the type of person who tries to treat people with respect, but his tolerance level for people who are not as intellectual as him is very low. Holmes becomes agitated at people’s incompetence to understand his complex ideas. I think Holmes pretends to expect every one to be as clever as him to make him look more intelligent and therefore superior. So in that respect I see Holmes as quite an ignorant person. However he does not treat Watson this way, I think he treats Watson more like a younger brother. I think that Holmes would like Watson to be like Holmes. From ‘he Red Headed League’ we can see that Holmes has a short temper, for example when he is in the cellar of the bank and Mr. Merryweather struck rather loudly his stick upon the flags which lined the floor, ‘ I must really ask you to be a little more quiet†¦ You have already imperilled the whole of our expedition. ‘

They Coming! Essays

They Coming! Essays They Coming! Essay They Coming! Essay They Coming!!!!!!!! They Coming!!!! These are the words you hear ringing loud throughout the thousands of supporters and spectators as Junkanoo groups’ approach the starting gate of what is expected to be an exciting parade. Junkanoo is celebrated in the wee hours of the morning on Boxing Day and New Year’s Day. Scores of people show up from near and far to celebrate in one of the Bahamas’ most talked about cultural events. After waiting all year long, Boxing Day is finally here! The thought of sleep never enters my mind, as the anticipation of who will be victorious resonates in my mind throughout the night.Excitement builds, as all I could think about is the feelings of swaying to and fro while watching the groups â€Å"rush† down Bay Street. Midnight is here†¦ Let the parade begin! As I make my way through the large crowd to get to my seat, I could hear the sounds of the goatskin drums and whistles blowing. The cowbells begin to shake, and I could feel the rhythm deep within my soul. The well-toned brass section chimes in, and it is almost melodious, as the melodies and tunes all mesh together perfectly.The dancers make their way up Bay Street gyrating and moving their bodies to the rhythmic beat of the drums, cowbells, and whistles, demanding all the attention; while dressed in brightly colored costumes. The larger than life costumes adorned with bright, dazzling colors, â€Å"tricks† and feathers threaten to steal the show. I find it extremely difficult to contain myself, as the various Junkanoo groups â€Å"rush† past me in the stands. I can feel the feathers as they rub across my face and the music thump.The energy of the dancers and the beat of the music motivate the large crowds of supporters and spectators to start moving in their seats, or on their feet. Daylight breaks, all too soon, the parade is over. I am so excited and energized that all I could think about is the New Year’s Day Junkanoo Para de. For one week I eagerly wait to hear the words â€Å"they coming† being echoed throughout the stands all over again! My love for Junkanoo is overwhelming from the magnificent, ravishing colors of the costumes to the music which moves throughout every part of me and creates a sound that is too strong to resist, where it almost becomes mesmerizing!